REFERENCES
Each time you quote or write a passage inspired my something you might have read elsewhere, you must include a source reference – this applies to books, newspapers, magazines, websites, etc. EVERY TIME you base your writing on information found elsewhere, you must include a source reference. This also applies to your own previous work, such as something you might have written yourself in previous projects.
The purpose of the source references are:
- To give credit to the people whose work you have applied.
- To academically support your own work.
- To enable your readers to obtain the works and examine whether he/she might have reached the same conclusions on the same basis.
Therefore, referencing forms a substantial part of academic project work. Source references must be short and uniform and must be positioned where necessary. Source references may be structured in various ways. Communication and Digital Media has decided that all source references must be structured according to the APA referencing style. We recommend that you always use the latest edition of APA. Page numbers are not required, but it is encouraged for clarity.
BOOKS
Example of APA referencing:
(Rienecker & Jørgensen, 2001, p. 192)
This includes the last names of the authors (note: and is substituted with &), year of publication and page number.
For works with two authors, both names should be listed in each reference. For works with three, four or five authors, all authors should be listed in the first reference. For subsequent in-text references, the first author should be listed followed by et al. (the abbreviated form of the Latin et alii, meaning “and others”), year of publication; in the reference list, all authors must be listed.
example:
(Rogers et al., 2011, p. 437)
NO AUTHOR
For works with no obvious indication of an author, the author is replaced by the title,
example:
(Curriculum and Regulations, section 15, subsection 6).
WEB DOCUMENTS
When adding link references you must either refer to the author of the website or the organisation behind the website.
RECURRING REFERENCES
When adding references to the same source several times in a row (without adding any references to other sources), you must do the following:
For works with two authors, both names should be listed in each reference.
For works with three, four or five authors, all authors should be listed in the first reference. For subsequent in-text references, the first author should be listed followed by et al., year of publication; in the reference list, all authors must be listed.
For works with six or more authors, the first author should be listed followed by et al., year of publication.
example:
(Rogers et al., 2011, p. 437)
Please note: APA Style does not use Ibid.
GENERAL GUIDELINES
Whether referring to a book, an article or a link, you should always list the authors of the text to which you refer – the editor of the work to which the author may have contributed should not be listed.
It is highly essential that your project includes accurate source references. Taking notes as you go along will make it easier for you to compile your final reference list, and you minimise the risk of finding yourselves in a situation in which you cannot find a particular reference. You may also use RefWorks or Mendeley which are tools used for collecting and managing references. Microsoft Word also allows you to create a ‘bibliography’.
You can find more information on the proper use of source references and quotations at the website en.stopplagiat.nu.